使役形
Causative form
JLPT
N4
Structure
Group 1: (い)ます ➔ (あ)せます (Eg: 行きます ➔ 行かせます)
Nhóm 2: (え)ます ➔ (え)させます (Eg食べます ➔ 食べさせます)
Group 3: します ➔ させます (Eg: 勉強します ➔ 勉強させます)
きます ➔ こさせます (Eg: 学校へきます ➔ 学校へこさせます)
Nhóm 2: (え)ます ➔ (え)させます (Eg食べます ➔ 食べさせます)
Group 3: します ➔ させます (Eg: 勉強します ➔ 勉強させます)
きます ➔ こさせます (Eg: 学校へきます ➔ 学校へこさせます)
Meaning
「使役形」is the causative form of a verb, indicating one of two main meanings: "to force" or "to allow." It is used in cases where the relationship between the subject and the object is clear, such as superiors and subordinates, parents and children, etc. Here, the superior compels or permits the subordinate to do something.
* Note: When someone within a group (for example, colleagues in a company) tells someone outside the group to have someone else in the same group do something, the causative form is used regardless of the hierarchical relationship.
Example: 空港に着いたら、お電話をください。係の者を迎えに行かせますから。(When you arrive at the airport, please give me a call. I will have someone come to pick you up.) Here, the speaker and the person being sent to pick up do not necessarily have a superior-subordinate relationship.
Additionally, the 「使役形」is also used with several other meanings such as: arousing emotions (making someone feel something); self-reproach (unintentionally causing someone/something to perform an action or fall into an undesirable situation); assistance; indicating a reason; leaving something undone. The pairs of subjects and objects in these meanings do not necessarily have a superior-subordinate relationship.
* Note: When someone within a group (for example, colleagues in a company) tells someone outside the group to have someone else in the same group do something, the causative form is used regardless of the hierarchical relationship.
Example: 空港に着いたら、お電話をください。係の者を迎えに行かせますから。(When you arrive at the airport, please give me a call. I will have someone come to pick you up.) Here, the speaker and the person being sent to pick up do not necessarily have a superior-subordinate relationship.
Additionally, the 「使役形」is also used with several other meanings such as: arousing emotions (making someone feel something); self-reproach (unintentionally causing someone/something to perform an action or fall into an undesirable situation); assistance; indicating a reason; leaving something undone. The pairs of subjects and objects in these meanings do not necessarily have a superior-subordinate relationship.
私
は
子供
を
歩
かせます
。
I walk the child.
私
は
息子
を
自由
に
遊
ばせました
。
I let my son play freely.
母
は
私
に
自分
の
部屋
を
片付
けさせた
。
My mother made me clean my room.
もう
少
し
考
えさせてくれませんか
。
Could you please let me think about it a little more?
先生
は
学生
に
自由
に
意見
を
言
わせました
。
The teacher allowed the students to express their opinions freely.
山田課長
は
佐藤
さんを
名古屋
へ
出張
させます
。
Manager Yamada sends Mr. Sato on a business trip to Nagoya.
病気
にならないように
、
子供
を
運動
させました
。
I made my kids exercise so they wouldn't get sick.
お
皿
を
割
って
、
お
母
さんを
怒
らせた
。
I broke a plate and made my mom angry.
水
をあげるのを
忘
れて
、
花
を
枯
れさせてしまった
。
I forgot to water the flowers and they withered.
病気
のお
母
さんにご
飯
を
食
べさせてあげる
。
I will feed my sick mother.
地震
が
彼女
に
ケガ
をさせた
。
The earthquake injured her.
冷蔵庫
で
プリン
を
固
まらせる
。
Let the pudding harden in the refrigerator.
