使役形
Causative form
JLPT
N4
구조
Group 1: (い)ます ➔ (あ)せます (Eg: 行きます ➔ 行かせます)
Nhóm 2: (え)ます ➔ (え)させます (Eg食べます ➔ 食べさせます)
Group 3: します ➔ させます (Eg: 勉強します ➔ 勉強させます)
きます ➔ こさせます (Eg: 学校へきます ➔ 学校へこさせます)
Nhóm 2: (え)ます ➔ (え)させます (Eg食べます ➔ 食べさせます)
Group 3: します ➔ させます (Eg: 勉強します ➔ 勉強させます)
きます ➔ こさせます (Eg: 学校へきます ➔ 学校へこさせます)
의미
「使役形」is the causative form of a verb, indicating one of two main meanings: "to force" or "to allow." It is used in cases where the relationship between the subject and the object is clear, such as superiors and subordinates, parents and children, etc. Here, the superior compels or permits the subordinate to do something.
* Note: When someone within a group (for example, colleagues in a company) tells someone outside the group to have someone else in the same group do something, the causative form is used regardless of the hierarchical relationship.
Example: 空港に着いたら、お電話をください。係の者を迎えに行かせますから。(When you arrive at the airport, please give me a call. I will have someone come to pick you up.) Here, the speaker and the person being sent to pick up do not necessarily have a superior-subordinate relationship.
Additionally, the 「使役形」is also used with several other meanings such as: arousing emotions (making someone feel something); self-reproach (unintentionally causing someone/something to perform an action or fall into an undesirable situation); assistance; indicating a reason; leaving something undone. The pairs of subjects and objects in these meanings do not necessarily have a superior-subordinate relationship.
* Note: When someone within a group (for example, colleagues in a company) tells someone outside the group to have someone else in the same group do something, the causative form is used regardless of the hierarchical relationship.
Example: 空港に着いたら、お電話をください。係の者を迎えに行かせますから。(When you arrive at the airport, please give me a call. I will have someone come to pick you up.) Here, the speaker and the person being sent to pick up do not necessarily have a superior-subordinate relationship.
Additionally, the 「使役形」is also used with several other meanings such as: arousing emotions (making someone feel something); self-reproach (unintentionally causing someone/something to perform an action or fall into an undesirable situation); assistance; indicating a reason; leaving something undone. The pairs of subjects and objects in these meanings do not necessarily have a superior-subordinate relationship.
私
watashi
は
ha
子供
kodomo
を
wo
歩
aru
かせます
kasemasu
。
.
I walk the child.
私
watashi
は
ha
息子
musuko
を
wo
自由
jiyuu
に
ni
遊
aso
ばせました
basemashita
。
.
I let my son play freely.
母
haha
は
ha
私
watashi
に
ni
自分
jibun
の
no
部屋
heya
を
wo
片付
katazu
けさせた
kesaseta
。
.
My mother made me clean my room.
もう
mou
少
suko
し
shi
考
kanga
えさせてくれませんか
esasetekuremasenka
。
.
Could you please let me think about it a little more?
先生
sensei
は
ha
学生
gakusei
に
ni
自由
jiyuu
に
ni
意見
iken
を
wo
言
i
わせました
wasemashita
。
.
The teacher allowed the students to express their opinions freely.
山田課長
yamadakachou
は
ha
佐藤
satou
さんを
sanwo
名古屋
nagoya
へ
he
出張
shutchou
させます
sasemasu
。
.
Manager Yamada sends Mr. Sato on a business trip to Nagoya.
病気
byouki
にならないように
ninaranaiyouni
、
,
子供
kodomo
を
wo
運動
undou
させました
sasemashita
。
.
I made my kids exercise so they wouldn't get sick.
お
o
皿
sara
を
wo
割
wa
って
tte
、
,
お
o
母
kaa
さんを
sanwo
怒
oko
らせた
raseta
。
.
I broke a plate and made my mom angry.
水
mizu
をあげるのを
woagerunowo
忘
wasu
れて
rete
、
,
花
hana
を
wo
枯
ka
れさせてしまった
resaseteshimatta
。
.
I forgot to water the flowers and they withered.
病気
byouki
のお
noo
母
kaa
さんにご
sannigo
飯
han
を
wo
食
ta
べさせてあげる
besaseteageru
。
.
I will feed my sick mother.
地震
jishin
が
ga
彼女
kanojo
に
ni
ケガ
kega
をさせた
wosaseta
。
.
The earthquake injured her.
冷蔵庫
reizouko
で
de
プリン
purin
を
wo
固
kata
まらせる
maraseru
。
.
Let the pudding harden in the refrigerator.
