てある

「てある」indicates:
1. The state of an object, which is the result of a deliberate action by someone. This person's identity is either unknown or not mentioned to emphasize the state being discussed. The verb V here is a transitive verb, showing the action of that person. The noun N2 before the particle が indicates the object.
Comparison with 「ている」:
- Similarity: Both describe the state of an object.
- Difference: 「てある」is used with transitive verbs, indicating that the state is deliberately arranged; on the other hand, 「ている」is used with intransitive verbs, simply describing the state. Therefore, objective causes from nature and animals will be described using 「ている」.
2. The state of readiness or preparation of an object or event. The verb V here is still a transitive verb, but the subject of the action is understood to be the speaker. The object or event N2 is placed before the particle を, and if it becomes the topic of the sentence, it is placed before the particle は.