なしに(は)/なしで(は)
without; without doing ~
JLPT
N1
结构
N+なしに(は) / なしで(は)
意义
1. Doing the action afterward without doing the action N that was supposed to be done first. It can be understood as "doing... without doing...".
2. Doing an action but lacking N. It can be understood as "doing... but without...".
「なしで」is a more casual form compared to「なしに」. You can replace「なしで」with「なしに」but not the other way around.
When the second clause is in negative form, like「なしに(は)/なしで(は)~ない」, these structures are similar in meaning to「なくて(は)~ない」, meaning "if you don't have the first clause, then the second clause cannot be done", but not as formal.
2. Doing an action but lacking N. It can be understood as "doing... but without...".
「なしで」is a more casual form compared to「なしに」. You can replace「なしで」with「なしに」but not the other way around.
When the second clause is in negative form, like「なしに(は)/なしで(は)~ない」, these structures are similar in meaning to「なくて(は)~ない」, meaning "if you don't have the first clause, then the second clause cannot be done", but not as formal.
予告
なしに
会社
から
解雇
された
。
I was fired from my company without notice.
彼
はどうしただろう
。
何
の
断
りもなしに
途中
で
帰
ってしまうなんて
。
What would he do? I can't believe I ended up leaving mid-way without any notice.
先端技術
は
コンピューター
なしには
存在
することができない
。
Advanced technology cannot exist without computers.
彼
の
半生
は
涙
なしには
聞
けなかった
。
I couldn't listen to his story without crying.
彼
は
休
みなしで
毎晩働
いているから
、
授業中
はいつも
寝
ている
。
He works every night without a break, so he always sleeps during class.
彼女
は
予告
なしでいつも
突然現
れます
。
She always shows up suddenly, without notice.
字幕
なしで
日本
の
映画
を
見
ることができません
。
I can't watch Japanese movies without subtitles.
社長
なしでは
会議
が
始
められない
。
The meeting cannot start without the president.
