Blog
Japanese Architecture Vocabulary: 330+ Essential Words

Table of Contents
1. Basic Architectural Terms
2. Types of Buildings
3. Parts of a Building (Exterior)
4. Parts of a Building (Interior)
5. Traditional Japanese Architecture Elements
6. Materials
7. Construction Site Terms
8. Structural Elements
9. Rooms & Spaces
10. Furniture & Fixtures
11. Modern Architecture & Urban Design
12. Doors, Windows & Openings
13. Roof & Ceiling Elements
14. Floors & Stairs
15. Walls & Partitions
16. Columns & Beams
Japanese architecture vocabulary is an essential resource for learners who want to understand the language of buildings, design, and construction in Japan. Whether you’re studying Japanese, exploring cultural heritage, or working in design, these words from Mazii will help you connect with Japan’s unique architectural world. Let’s get dive in!
Japanese Architecture Vocabulary: 330+ Essential Words
Basic Architectural Terms
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
建築 |
kenchiku |
architecture |
建物 |
tatemono |
building |
構造 |
kōzō |
structure |
設計 |
sekkei |
design, planning |
工事 |
kōji |
construction work |
建設 |
kensetsu |
construction |
建築家 |
kenchikuka |
architect |
施工 |
sekō |
execution of construction |
図面 |
zumen |
blueprint |
平面図 |
heimenzu |
floor plan |
立面図 |
ritsumenzu |
elevation drawing |
断面図 |
danmenzu |
cross-sectional drawing |
構想 |
kōsō |
concept, vision |
資材 |
shizai |
building materials |
耐震 |
taishin |
earthquake resistance |
耐火 |
taika |
fire resistance |
構造計算 |
kōzō keisan |
structural calculation |
意匠 |
isshō |
design, aesthetics |
建築様式 |
kenchiku yōshiki |
architectural style |
構築物 |
kōchikubutsu |
structure, construction |
Types of Buildings
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
家 |
ie |
house |
住宅 |
jūtaku |
residence |
一戸建て |
ikkodate |
detached house |
集合住宅 |
shūgō jūtaku |
apartment building |
アパート |
apāto |
apartment |
マンション |
manshon |
condominium |
高層ビル |
kōsō biru |
skyscraper |
オフィスビル |
ofisu biru |
office building |
工場 |
kōjō |
factory |
倉庫 |
sōko |
warehouse |
店舗 |
tenpo |
shop, store |
商業施設 |
shōgyō shisetsu |
commercial facility |
病院 |
byōin |
hospital |
学校 |
gakkō |
school |
寺 |
tera |
Buddhist temple |
神社 |
jinja |
Shinto shrine |
城 |
shiro |
castle |
宮殿 |
kyūden |
palace |
美術館 |
bijutsukan |
art museum |
博物館 |
hakubutsukan |
museum |
Parts of a Building (Exterior)
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
屋根 |
yane |
roof |
瓦 |
kawara |
roof tile |
軒 |
noki |
eaves |
壁 |
kabe |
wall |
外壁 |
gaiheki |
exterior wall |
窓 |
mado |
window |
ドア |
doa |
door |
玄関 |
genkan |
entrance |
庭 |
niwa |
garden |
塀 |
hei |
fence, wall |
門 |
mon |
gate |
車庫 |
shako |
garage |
バルコニー |
barukonī |
balcony |
テラス |
terasu |
terrace |
煙突 |
entotsu |
chimney |
塔 |
tō |
tower |
階段 |
kaidan |
stairs |
橋 |
hashi |
bridge |
アーチ |
āchi |
arch |
ファサード |
fasādo |
facade |
Parts of a Building (Interior)
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
天井 |
tenjō |
ceiling |
床 |
yuka |
floor |
壁紙 |
kabegami |
wallpaper |
柱 |
hashira |
pillar, column |
廊下 |
rōka |
hallway |
部屋 |
heya |
room |
居間 |
ima |
living room |
台所 |
daidokoro |
kitchen |
浴室 |
yokushitsu |
bathroom |
風呂 |
furo |
bath |
トイレ |
toire |
toilet |
照明 |
shōmei |
lighting |
エレベーター |
erebētā |
elevator |
エスカレーター |
esukarētā |
escalator |
階段室 |
kaidanshitsu |
stairwell |
収納 |
shūnō |
storage |
押し入れ |
oshiire |
closet (Japanese style) |
扉 |
tobira |
door (panel style) |
畳 |
tatami |
tatami mat |
障子 |
shōji |
sliding paper door |
Traditional Japanese Architecture Elements
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
縁側 |
engawa |
veranda, porch |
床の間 |
tokonoma |
alcove for art display |
襖 |
fusuma |
sliding paper door |
格子 |
kōshi |
lattice window/door |
縁台 |
endai |
wooden bench/veranda |
屋敷 |
yashiki |
traditional mansion |
茅葺き屋根 |
kayabuki yane |
thatched roof |
数寄屋造り |
sukiya-zukuri |
tea house style |
城郭 |
jōkaku |
castle fortification |
石垣 |
ishigaki |
stone wall |
櫓 |
yagura |
turret |
長屋 |
nagaya |
row house |
武家屋敷 |
bukeyashiki |
samurai residence |
茶室 |
chashitsu |
tea room |
土壁 |
tsuchikabe |
earthen wall |
白壁 |
shirakabe |
white plaster wall |
千本格子 |
senbon-kōshi |
fine latticework |
唐破風 |
karahafu |
gabled roof curve |
屋敷門 |
yashikimon |
mansion gate |
五重塔 |
gojūnotō |
five-story pagoda |
Materials
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
木材 |
mokuzai |
wood |
石 |
ishi |
stone |
岩 |
iwa |
rock |
土 |
tsuchi |
soil, earth |
漆喰 |
shikkui |
plaster |
竹 |
take |
bamboo |
鉄 |
tetsu |
iron |
銅 |
dō |
copper |
鋼 |
hagane |
steel |
コンクリート |
konkurīto |
concrete |
レンガ |
renga |
brick |
ガラス |
garasu |
glass |
大理石 |
dairisek |
marble |
花崗岩 |
kakōgan |
granite |
瓦材 |
kawarazai |
roofing tiles |
石膏 |
sek-kō |
gypsum |
アルミ |
arumi |
aluminum |
合板 |
gōhan |
plywood |
繊維板 |
sen’iban |
fiberboard |
プラスチック |
purasuchikku |
plastic |
Construction Site Terms
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
現場 |
genba |
construction site |
作業員 |
sagyōin |
worker |
職人 |
shokunin |
craftsman |
大工 |
daiku |
carpenter |
左官 |
sakan |
plasterer |
鳶 |
tobi |
scaffolder |
建設会社 |
kensetsu gaisha |
construction company |
工務店 |
kōmuten |
contractor |
重機 |
jūki |
heavy machinery |
クレーン |
kurēn |
crane |
ショベルカー |
shoberukā |
excavator |
足場 |
ashiba |
scaffolding |
ヘルメット |
herumetto |
helmet |
安全帯 |
anzentai |
safety harness |
設備 |
setsubi |
equipment |
測量 |
sokuryō |
surveying |
工期 |
kōki |
construction period |
見積もり |
mitsumori |
cost estimate |
監督 |
kantoku |
site supervisor |
検査 |
kensa |
inspection |
Structural Elements
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
基礎 |
kiso |
foundation |
土台 |
dodai |
base |
柱 |
hashira |
column, pillar |
梁 |
hari |
beam |
壁 |
kabe |
wall |
床板 |
yuka-ita |
floorboard |
屋根裏 |
yaneura |
attic |
基盤 |
kiban |
baseplate |
骨組み |
honegumi |
framework |
耐力壁 |
tairyokukabe |
load-bearing wall |
庇 |
hisashi |
overhang |
階 |
kai |
floor, story |
中庭 |
nakaniwa |
courtyard |
屋上 |
okujō |
rooftop |
天窓 |
tenmado |
skylight |
照明口 |
shōmeikō |
light opening |
外観 |
gaikan |
exterior appearance |
内装 |
naisō |
interior finish |
下地 |
shitaji |
underlayer, groundwork |
通気口 |
tsūki-kō |
vent |
Rooms & Spaces
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
応接間 |
ōsetsuma |
reception room |
食堂 |
shokudō |
dining room |
寝室 |
shinshitsu |
bedroom |
子供部屋 |
kodomobeya |
children’s room |
書斎 |
shosai |
study, home office |
和室 |
washitsu |
Japanese-style room |
洋室 |
yōshitsu |
Western-style room |
客間 |
kyakuma |
guest room |
地下室 |
chikashitsu |
basement |
屋根裏部屋 |
yaneurabeya |
attic room |
脱衣所 |
datsuijo |
dressing room |
洗面所 |
senmenjo |
washroom |
浴場 |
yokujō |
bathhouse |
物置 |
monooki |
storage room |
倉庫部屋 |
sōkobeya |
storage warehouse |
車庫部屋 |
shakobeya |
garage room |
ホール |
hōru |
hall |
講堂 |
kōdō |
auditorium |
体育館 |
taiikukan |
gymnasium |
図書館 |
toshokan |
library |
Furniture & Fixtures
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
家具 |
kagu |
furniture |
照明器具 |
shōmei kigu |
lighting fixture |
電灯 |
dentō |
electric light |
シャンデリア |
shanderia |
chandelier |
コンセント |
konsento |
power outlet |
スイッチ |
suitchi |
switch |
水道 |
suidō |
water supply |
蛇口 |
jaguchi |
faucet |
排水口 |
haisuikō |
drain |
換気扇 |
kankisen |
ventilator fan |
エアコン |
eakon |
air conditioner |
暖房 |
danbō |
heating |
冷房 |
reibō |
cooling |
階段手すり |
kaidan tesuri |
stair handrail |
扉枠 |
tobira-waku |
door frame |
窓枠 |
madowaku |
window frame |
畳縁 |
tatamiberi |
tatami edging |
座敷 |
zashiki |
tatami sitting room |
神棚 |
kamidana |
household Shinto altar |
仏壇 |
butsudan |
Buddhist family altar |
Modern Architecture & Urban Design
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
都市計画 |
toshi keikaku |
urban planning |
都市開発 |
toshi kaihatsu |
urban development |
区画整理 |
kukaku seiri |
land readjustment |
街路 |
gairo |
street |
歩道 |
hodō |
sidewalk |
車道 |
shadō |
roadway |
交差点 |
kōsaten |
intersection |
高架橋 |
kōkakyō |
overpass |
地下道 |
chikadō |
underground passage |
トンネル |
tonneru |
tunnel |
駐車場 |
chūshajō |
parking lot |
公園 |
kōen |
park |
広場 |
hiroba |
plaza, square |
モニュメント |
monyumento |
monument |
公共施設 |
kōkyō shisetsu |
public facility |
ビル群 |
biru-gun |
building complex |
再開発 |
saikaihatsu |
redevelopment |
超高層 |
chōkōsō |
super high-rise |
地区計画 |
chiku keikaku |
district planning |
景観 |
keikan |
landscape, scenery |
Doors, Windows & Openings
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
扉 |
tobira |
door |
ドアノブ |
doa nobu |
doorknob |
鍵 |
kagi |
key |
施錠 |
seijō |
locking |
開口部 |
kaikōbu |
opening |
引き戸 |
hikido |
sliding door |
開き戸 |
hirakido |
swing door |
自動ドア |
jidō doa |
automatic door |
二重扉 |
nijū tobira |
double door |
窓ガラス |
mado garasu |
window glass |
サッシ |
sasshi |
window sash |
網戸 |
amado |
screen door |
カーテン |
kāten |
curtain |
ブラインド |
buraindo |
blinds |
採光 |
saikō |
lighting (from windows) |
通風 |
tsūfū |
ventilation |
出入口 |
deiriguchi |
entrance/exit |
勝手口 |
katteguchi |
back door |
門扉 |
monpi |
gate door |
格子窓 |
kōshimado |
lattice window |
Roof & Ceiling Elements
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
屋根 |
yane |
roof |
屋根瓦 |
yanegawara |
roof tiles |
茅葺き |
kayabuki |
thatched roof |
陸屋根 |
okuyane |
flat roof |
片流れ屋根 |
katagarare yane |
single slope roof |
切妻屋根 |
kirizuma yane |
gabled roof |
入母屋屋根 |
irimoya yane |
hip-and-gable roof |
寄棟屋根 |
yotsumune yane |
hipped roof |
ドーム屋根 |
dōmu yane |
dome roof |
天井裏 |
tenjōura |
above ceiling space |
化粧梁 |
keshōbari |
exposed decorative beam |
小屋裏 |
koyauri |
roof space/loft |
棟木 |
munagi |
ridgepole |
軒先 |
nokisaki |
edge of eaves |
雨樋 |
amadoi |
rain gutter |
排水溝 |
haisuikō |
drainage ditch |
鬼瓦 |
onigawara |
decorative ridge tile |
棟飾り |
mune kazari |
roof ridge ornament |
破風板 |
hafu-ita |
bargeboard |
屋根飾り |
yane kazari |
roof decoration |
Floors & Stairs
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
階 |
kai |
floor, story |
一階 |
ikkai |
first floor |
二階 |
nikai |
second floor |
地下 |
chika |
basement level |
踏み段 |
fumidan |
step |
段差 |
dansa |
level difference |
踊り場 |
odoriba |
landing (stairs) |
螺旋階段 |
rasen kaidan |
spiral staircase |
手すり |
tesuri |
handrail |
段板 |
dan-ita |
stair tread |
階段室 |
kaidanshitsu |
stairwell |
階段ホール |
kaidan hōru |
stair hall |
スロープ |
surōpu |
slope, ramp |
傾斜 |
keisha |
incline |
昇降口 |
shōkōguchi |
stair entry |
エスカレーター |
esukarētā |
escalator |
昇降機 |
shōkōki |
lift, hoist |
エレベーター |
erebētā |
elevator |
床材 |
yukazai |
flooring material |
フローリング |
furōringu |
wooden flooring |
Walls & Partitions
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
壁 |
kabe |
wall |
内壁 |
naiheki |
interior wall |
外壁 |
gaiheki |
exterior wall |
石壁 |
ishibeki |
stone wall |
土塀 |
dobei |
earthen wall |
板壁 |
itakabe |
plank wall |
間仕切り |
majikiri |
partition |
パーティション |
pātishon |
partition wall |
防音壁 |
bōon heki |
soundproof wall |
防火壁 |
bōka heki |
fire wall |
カーテンウォール |
kāten uōru |
curtain wall |
クロス |
kurosu |
wall covering |
漆喰壁 |
shikkui kabe |
plaster wall |
モルタル壁 |
morutaru kabe |
mortar wall |
煉瓦壁 |
rengakabe |
brick wall |
塗り壁 |
nurikabe |
plastered wall |
仕切り板 |
shikiriita |
dividing panel |
間取り |
madori |
room layout |
隔壁 |
kakubeki |
partition wall |
仕切り戸 |
shikirido |
sliding partition door |
Columns & Beams
Kana |
Romaji |
Meaning |
柱 |
hashira |
pillar |
丸柱 |
marubashira |
round pillar |
角柱 |
kakubashira |
square pillar |
心柱 |
shinbashira |
central pillar (pagoda) |
支柱 |
shichū |
support post |
棟柱 |
munebashira |
ridgepole pillar |
貫 |
nuki |
horizontal beam |
梁 |
hari |
beam |
大梁 |
ōhari |
main beam |
小梁 |
kohari |
joist |
桁 |
keta |
crossbeam |
筋交い |
sujikai |
diagonal brace |
笠木 |
kasagi |
coping, capping |
鴨居 |
kamoi |
lintel (above sliding door) |
敷居 |
shikii |
threshold |
土台 |
dodai |
foundation sill |
根太 |
neta |
floor joist |
垂木 |
taruki |
rafter |
鼻隠し |
hanagakushi |
fascia board |
腰壁 |
koshikabe |
low wall/paneling |
In summary, this Japanese architecture vocabulary list of 330+ words gives you the tools to describe houses, temples, castles, and even modern skyscrapers in Japanese. By studying them in context and by category, you’ll not only expand your vocabulary but also gain deeper insight into Japanese culture and design traditions.
=>Visit the Mizii website or download the Mizii app from the App Store or Google Play today and start learn Japanese architecture vocabulary!
>> Read more:
- 130+ Japanese Vocabulary for Construction & Building
- Japanese Transportation Vocabulary: 250+ Essential Words
- Japanese Feelings Vocabulary: 250+ Words for Emotions
Comment
Please log in to leave a comment and join the discussion.
Related posts

Japanese Food Vocabulary List: 300+ Must-Know Words
Discover 300+ essential food vocabulary in Japanese with meanings, romaji with Mazii. Perfect for travelers, students, and food lovers. Let’s dive in!
View detail
Daily Routine Vocabulary Japanese: 230+ Common Words
Learn 230+ essential daily routine vocabulary Japanese words, phrases to describe everyday actions. Perfect for beginners & JLPT learners. Explore with Mazii!
View detail
Japanese Driving Vocabulary: 350+ Useful Car & Road Words
Japanese driving vocabulary is essential for learners navigating car terms, traffic signs. Explore 350+ useful words to master driving in Japan with Mazii.
View detail
Japanese Transportation Vocabulary: 250+ Essential Words
Japanese transportation vocabulary is essential for travelers and learners. Master 250+ words with Mazii to navigate Japan easily.
View detail
130+ Japanese Vocabulary for Construction & Building
Discover 200+ construction terms, building names, tools, and places in Japanese with Kanji, Kana, Romaji, and meanings from Mazii!
View detail
Japanese Kanji Meaning List: 140+ Commonly Used Chart
Japanese Kanji meaning list with 140+ common characters, meanings, readings, and examples. Learn essential Kanji for JLPT N5–N3, study faster with Mazii!
View detail
Japanese Hotel Vocabulary: 250+ Essential Words & Phrases
Learn 250+ essential Japanese hotel words and phrases for smooth check-in, booking, and travel from Mazii. Perfect for beginners and travelers.
View detail
Business Japanese Vocabulary PDF: 130+ Practical Words
Download file PDF of 130+ essential business Japanese vocabulary from Mazii. Perfect for professionals, students, anyone working in Japanese corporate settings.
View detail
Japanese Clothing Vocabulary: 150+ Fashion Words to Know
Master 150+ essential Japanese clothing vocabulary for clothes, accessories, fashion in Japanese with Mazii. Perfect for learners, travelers, fashion enthusiasts.
View detail
Japanese Restaurant Vocabulary: 200+ Words & Phrases
Japanese restaurant vocabulary is essential for ordering food, reading menus, and dining confidently in Japan. Learn 200+ useful words and phrases with Mazii!
View detail
Japanese Family Vocabulary: Essential Words for Parents
Japanese family vocabulary is essential for mastering daily conversation. Learn key words for talking about your own family and others’ with Mazii!
View detail
Japanese Cooking Vocabulary: 350+ Useful Kitchen Words
Japanese cooking vocabulary is essential for learning recipes, kitchen vocabulary in Japanese. Discover 350+ useful words to master with Mazii.
View detail