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Japanese Architecture Vocabulary: 330+ Essential Words

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Japanese Architecture Vocabulary: 330+ Essential Words

Table of Contents

1. Basic Architectural Terms

2. Types of Buildings

3. Parts of a Building (Exterior)

4. Parts of a Building (Interior)

5. Traditional Japanese Architecture Elements

6. Materials

7. Construction Site Terms

8. Structural Elements

9. Rooms & Spaces

10. Furniture & Fixtures

11. Modern Architecture & Urban Design

12. Doors, Windows & Openings

13. Roof & Ceiling Elements

14. Floors & Stairs

15. Walls & Partitions

16. Columns & Beams

Japanese architecture vocabulary is an essential resource for learners who want to understand the language of buildings, design, and construction in Japan. Whether you’re studying Japanese, exploring cultural heritage, or working in design, these words from Mazii will help you connect with Japan’s unique architectural world. Let’s get dive in!

Japanese Architecture Vocabulary: 330+ Essential Words

Basic Architectural Terms


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



建築



kenchiku



architecture



建物



tatemono



building



構造



kōzō



structure



設計



sekkei



design, planning



工事



kōji



construction work



建設



kensetsu



construction



建築家



kenchikuka



architect



施工



sekō



execution of construction



図面



zumen



blueprint



平面図



heimenzu



floor plan



立面図



ritsumenzu



elevation drawing



断面図



danmenzu



cross-sectional drawing



構想



kōsō



concept, vision



資材



shizai



building materials



耐震



taishin



earthquake resistance



耐火



taika



fire resistance



構造計算



kōzō keisan



structural calculation



意匠



isshō



design, aesthetics



建築様式



kenchiku yōshiki



architectural style



構築物



kōchikubutsu



structure, construction


Types of Buildings


Kana



Romaji



Meaning





ie



house



住宅



jūtaku



residence



一戸建て



ikkodate



detached house



集合住宅



shūgō jūtaku



apartment building



アパート



apāto



apartment



マンション



manshon



condominium



高層ビル



kōsō biru



skyscraper



オフィスビル



ofisu biru



office building



工場



kōjō



factory



倉庫



sōko



warehouse



店舗



tenpo



shop, store



商業施設



shōgyō shisetsu



commercial facility



病院



byōin



hospital



学校



gakkō



school





tera



Buddhist temple



神社



jinja



Shinto shrine





shiro



castle



宮殿



kyūden



palace



美術館



bijutsukan



art museum



博物館



hakubutsukan



museum


Parts of a Building (Exterior)


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



屋根



yane



roof





kawara



roof tile





noki



eaves





kabe



wall



外壁



gaiheki



exterior wall





mado



window



ドア



doa



door



玄関



genkan



entrance





niwa



garden





hei



fence, wall





mon



gate



車庫



shako



garage



バルコニー



barukonī



balcony



テラス



terasu



terrace



煙突



entotsu



chimney







tower



階段



kaidan



stairs





hashi



bridge



アーチ



āchi



arch



ファサード



fasādo



facade


Parts of a Building (Interior)


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



天井



tenjō



ceiling





yuka



floor



壁紙



kabegami



wallpaper





hashira



pillar, column



廊下



rōka



hallway



部屋



heya



room



居間



ima



living room



台所



daidokoro



kitchen



浴室



yokushitsu



bathroom



風呂



furo



bath



トイレ



toire



toilet



照明



shōmei



lighting



エレベーター



erebētā



elevator



エスカレーター



esukarētā



escalator



階段室



kaidanshitsu



stairwell



収納



shūnō



storage



押し入れ



oshiire



closet (Japanese style)





tobira



door (panel style)





tatami



tatami mat



障子



shōji



sliding paper door


Traditional Japanese Architecture Elements


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



縁側



engawa



veranda, porch



床の間



tokonoma



alcove for art display





fusuma



sliding paper door



格子



kōshi



lattice window/door



縁台



endai



wooden bench/veranda



屋敷



yashiki



traditional mansion



茅葺き屋根



kayabuki yane



thatched roof



数寄屋造り



sukiya-zukuri



tea house style



城郭



jōkaku



castle fortification



石垣



ishigaki



stone wall





yagura



turret



長屋



nagaya



row house



武家屋敷



bukeyashiki



samurai residence



茶室



chashitsu



tea room



土壁



tsuchikabe



earthen wall



白壁



shirakabe



white plaster wall



千本格子



senbon-kōshi



fine latticework



唐破風



karahafu



gabled roof curve



屋敷門



yashikimon



mansion gate



五重塔



gojūnotō



five-story pagoda


Materials


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



木材



mokuzai



wood





ishi



stone





iwa



rock





tsuchi



soil, earth



漆喰



shikkui



plaster





take



bamboo





tetsu



iron







copper





hagane



steel



コンクリート



konkurīto



concrete



レンガ



renga



brick



ガラス



garasu



glass



大理石



dairisek



marble



花崗岩



kakōgan



granite



瓦材



kawarazai



roofing tiles



石膏



sek-kō



gypsum



アルミ



arumi



aluminum



合板



gōhan



plywood



繊維板



sen’iban



fiberboard



プラスチック



purasuchikku



plastic


Construction Site Terms


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



現場



genba



construction site



作業員



sagyōin



worker



職人



shokunin



craftsman



大工



daiku



carpenter



左官



sakan



plasterer





tobi



scaffolder



建設会社



kensetsu gaisha



construction company



工務店



kōmuten



contractor



重機



jūki



heavy machinery



クレーン



kurēn



crane



ショベルカー



shoberukā



excavator



足場



ashiba



scaffolding



ヘルメット



herumetto



helmet



安全帯



anzentai



safety harness



設備



setsubi



equipment



測量



sokuryō



surveying



工期



kōki



construction period



見積もり



mitsumori



cost estimate



監督



kantoku



site supervisor



検査



kensa



inspection


Structural Elements


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



基礎



kiso



foundation



土台



dodai



base





hashira



column, pillar





hari



beam





kabe



wall



床板



yuka-ita



floorboard



屋根裏



yaneura



attic



基盤



kiban



baseplate



骨組み



honegumi



framework



耐力壁



tairyokukabe



load-bearing wall





hisashi



overhang





kai



floor, story



中庭



nakaniwa



courtyard



屋上



okujō



rooftop



天窓



tenmado



skylight



照明口



shōmeikō



light opening



外観



gaikan



exterior appearance



内装



naisō



interior finish



下地



shitaji



underlayer, groundwork



通気口



tsūki-kō



vent


Rooms & Spaces


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



応接間



ōsetsuma



reception room



食堂



shokudō



dining room



寝室



shinshitsu



bedroom



子供部屋



kodomobeya



children’s room



書斎



shosai



study, home office



和室



washitsu



Japanese-style room



洋室



yōshitsu



Western-style room



客間



kyakuma



guest room



地下室



chikashitsu



basement



屋根裏部屋



yaneurabeya



attic room



脱衣所



datsuijo



dressing room



洗面所



senmenjo



washroom



浴場



yokujō



bathhouse



物置



monooki



storage room



倉庫部屋



sōkobeya



storage warehouse



車庫部屋



shakobeya



garage room



ホール



hōru



hall



講堂



kōdō



auditorium



体育館



taiikukan



gymnasium



図書館



toshokan



library


Furniture & Fixtures


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



家具



kagu



furniture



照明器具



shōmei kigu



lighting fixture



電灯



dentō



electric light



シャンデリア



shanderia



chandelier



コンセント



konsento



power outlet



スイッチ



suitchi



switch



水道



suidō



water supply



蛇口



jaguchi



faucet



排水口



haisuikō



drain



換気扇



kankisen



ventilator fan



エアコン



eakon



air conditioner



暖房



danbō



heating



冷房



reibō



cooling



階段手すり



kaidan tesuri



stair handrail



扉枠



tobira-waku



door frame



窓枠



madowaku



window frame



畳縁



tatamiberi



tatami edging



座敷



zashiki



tatami sitting room



神棚



kamidana



household Shinto altar



仏壇



butsudan



Buddhist family altar


Modern Architecture & Urban Design


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



都市計画



toshi keikaku



urban planning



都市開発



toshi kaihatsu



urban development



区画整理



kukaku seiri



land readjustment



街路



gairo



street



歩道



hodō



sidewalk



車道



shadō



roadway



交差点



kōsaten



intersection



高架橋



kōkakyō



overpass



地下道



chikadō



underground passage



トンネル



tonneru



tunnel



駐車場



chūshajō



parking lot



公園



kōen



park



広場



hiroba



plaza, square



モニュメント



monyumento



monument



公共施設



kōkyō shisetsu



public facility



ビル群



biru-gun



building complex



再開発



saikaihatsu



redevelopment



超高層



chōkōsō



super high-rise



地区計画



chiku keikaku



district planning



景観



keikan



landscape, scenery


Doors, Windows & Openings


Kana



Romaji



Meaning





tobira



door



ドアノブ



doa nobu



doorknob





kagi



key



施錠



seijō



locking



開口部



kaikōbu



opening



引き戸



hikido



sliding door



開き戸



hirakido



swing door



自動ドア



jidō doa



automatic door



二重扉



nijū tobira



double door



窓ガラス



mado garasu



window glass



サッシ



sasshi



window sash



網戸



amado



screen door



カーテン



kāten



curtain



ブラインド



buraindo



blinds



採光



saikō



lighting (from windows)



通風



tsūfū



ventilation



出入口



deiriguchi



entrance/exit



勝手口



katteguchi



back door



門扉



monpi



gate door



格子窓



kōshimado



lattice window


Roof & Ceiling Elements


Kana



Romaji



Meaning



屋根



yane



roof



屋根瓦



yanegawara



roof tiles



茅葺き



kayabuki



thatched roof



陸屋根



okuyane



flat roof



片流れ屋根



katagarare yane



single slope roof



切妻屋根



kirizuma yane



gabled roof



入母屋屋根



irimoya yane



hip-and-gable roof



寄棟屋根



yotsumune yane



hipped roof



ドーム屋根



dōmu yane



dome roof



天井裏



tenjōura



above ceiling space



化粧梁



keshōbari



exposed decorative beam



小屋裏



koyauri



roof space/loft



棟木



munagi



ridgepole



軒先



nokisaki



edge of eaves



雨樋



amadoi



rain gutter



排水溝



haisuikō



drainage ditch



鬼瓦



onigawara



decorative ridge tile



棟飾り



mune kazari



roof ridge ornament



破風板



hafu-ita



bargeboard



屋根飾り



yane kazari



roof decoration


Floors & Stairs


Kana



Romaji



Meaning





kai



floor, story



一階



ikkai



first floor



二階



nikai



second floor



地下



chika



basement level



踏み段



fumidan



step



段差



dansa



level difference



踊り場



odoriba



landing (stairs)



螺旋階段



rasen kaidan



spiral staircase



手すり



tesuri



handrail



段板



dan-ita



stair tread



階段室



kaidanshitsu



stairwell



階段ホール



kaidan hōru



stair hall



スロープ



surōpu



slope, ramp



傾斜



keisha



incline



昇降口



shōkōguchi



stair entry



エスカレーター



esukarētā



escalator



昇降機



shōkōki



lift, hoist



エレベーター



erebētā



elevator



床材



yukazai



flooring material



フローリング



furōringu



wooden flooring


Walls & Partitions


Kana



Romaji



Meaning





kabe



wall



内壁



naiheki



interior wall



外壁



gaiheki



exterior wall



石壁



ishibeki



stone wall



土塀



dobei



earthen wall



板壁



itakabe



plank wall



間仕切り



majikiri



partition



パーティション



pātishon



partition wall



防音壁



bōon heki



soundproof wall



防火壁



bōka heki



fire wall



カーテンウォール



kāten uōru



curtain wall



クロス



kurosu



wall covering



漆喰壁



shikkui kabe



plaster wall



モルタル壁



morutaru kabe



mortar wall



煉瓦壁



rengakabe



brick wall



塗り壁



nurikabe



plastered wall



仕切り板



shikiriita



dividing panel



間取り



madori



room layout



隔壁



kakubeki



partition wall



仕切り戸



shikirido



sliding partition door


Columns & Beams


Kana



Romaji



Meaning





hashira



pillar



丸柱



marubashira



round pillar



角柱



kakubashira



square pillar



心柱



shinbashira



central pillar (pagoda)



支柱



shichū



support post



棟柱



munebashira



ridgepole pillar





nuki



horizontal beam





hari



beam



大梁



ōhari



main beam



小梁



kohari



joist





keta



crossbeam



筋交い



sujikai



diagonal brace



笠木



kasagi



coping, capping



鴨居



kamoi



lintel (above sliding door)



敷居



shikii



threshold



土台



dodai



foundation sill



根太



neta



floor joist



垂木



taruki



rafter



鼻隠し



hanagakushi



fascia board



腰壁



koshikabe



low wall/paneling


In summary, this Japanese architecture vocabulary list of 330+ words gives you the tools to describe houses, temples, castles, and even modern skyscrapers in Japanese. By studying them in context and by category, you’ll not only expand your vocabulary but also gain deeper insight into Japanese culture and design traditions.

=>Visit the Mizii website or download the Mizii app from the App Store or Google Play today and start learn Japanese architecture vocabulary!

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