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Japanese Accounting Vocabulary: 200+ Business Key Terms

Table of Contents
1. Basic Accounting Terms
2. Financial Statements
3. Assets & Liabilities
4. Tax & Audit
5. Costs & Revenue
6. Banking & Investment
7. Business & Management
8. Accounting Processes
9. Ratios & Indicators
10. Documents & Records
Japanese accounting vocabulary is essential for anyone working with finance, business management, or studying bookkeeping in Japan. Mastering these 200+ words will help you read reports, understand balance sheets, and communicate effectively in professional settings. Let’s discover with Mazii!
Basic Accounting Terms
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
かいけい |
会計 |
kaikei |
Accounting |
かいけいし |
会計士 |
kaikeishi |
Accountant |
かいけいがく |
会計学 |
kaikeigaku |
Accounting studies |
けいり |
経理 |
keiri |
Bookkeeping / accounting (clerical) |
かいけいしょ |
会計書 |
kaikeisho |
Accounting document |
ぶき |
簿記 |
boki |
Bookkeeping |
しかいけいし |
公認会計士 |
shōnin kaikeishi |
Certified Public Accountant (CPA) |
きんゆうかいけい |
金融会計 |
kin’yū kaikei |
Financial accounting |
かんりかいけい |
管理会計 |
kanri kaikei |
Managerial accounting |
ざいせいかいけい |
財政会計 |
zaisei kaikei |
Fiscal accounting |
かいけいねんど |
会計年度 |
kaikei nendo |
Fiscal year |
ざいむしょひょう |
財務諸表 |
zaimu shohyō |
Financial statements |
しょうにん |
承認 |
shōnin |
Approval |
かいけいほうこく |
会計報告 |
kaikei hōkoku |
Accounting report |
しょうひん |
商品 |
shōhin |
Merchandise (inventory item) |
Financial Statements
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
たいしょうひょう |
貸借対照表 |
taishaku taishōhyō |
Balance sheet |
そんえきけいさんしょ |
損益計算書 |
son'eki keisansho |
Income statement (P&L) |
げんかんけいさんしょ |
原価計算書 |
genka keisansho |
Cost statement |
げんかしょうきょくひょう |
原価消却表 |
genka shōkyaku hyō |
Depreciation schedule |
りゅうどうしさん |
流動資産 |
ryūdō shisan |
Current assets |
こていしさん |
固定資産 |
kotei shisan |
Fixed assets |
りゅうどうふさい |
流動負債 |
ryūdō fusai |
Current liabilities |
こていふさい |
固定負債 |
kotei fusai |
Long-term liabilities |
じゅんしさん |
純資産 |
jun shisan |
Net assets |
しほん |
資本 |
shihon |
Capital |
じゅんりえき |
純利益 |
jun rieki |
Net profit |
えいぎょうそんえき |
営業損益 |
eigyō son'eki |
Operating profit/loss |
えいぎょうがいそんえき |
営業外損益 |
eigyōgai son'eki |
Non-operating profit/loss |
ぜんしさん |
総資産 |
zenshisan |
Total assets |
ぜんふさい |
総負債 |
zenfusai |
Total liabilities |
Assets & Liabilities
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
げんきん |
現金 |
genkin |
Cash |
よきん |
預金 |
yokin |
Bank deposit |
うけとりさいけん |
受取債権 |
uketori saiken |
Accounts receivable |
しはらいさいむ |
支払債務 |
shiharai saimu |
Accounts payable |
ざいこ |
在庫 |
zaiko |
Inventory |
とうし |
投資 |
tōshi |
Investment |
とうししさん |
投資資産 |
tōshi shisan |
Investment assets |
ふどうさん |
不動産 |
fudōsan |
Real estate |
しゃくちけん |
借地権 |
shakuchiken |
Leasehold rights |
しゃっきん |
借金 |
shakkin |
Debt/loan |
さいけん |
債権 |
saiken |
Credit/claim |
さいむ |
債務 |
saimu |
Debt/liability |
こじんしさん |
個人資産 |
kojin shisan |
Personal assets |
しゃかいしさん |
社会資産 |
shakai shisan |
Social assets |
しほんきん |
資本金 |
shihonkin |
Capital stock |
Tax & Audit
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
ぜいむ |
税務 |
zeimu |
Tax affairs |
ぜいりし |
税理士 |
zeirishi |
Tax accountant |
ぜいきん |
税金 |
zeikin |
Tax |
しょうひぜい |
消費税 |
shōhizei |
Consumption tax (VAT) |
ほうじんぜい |
法人税 |
hōjinzei |
Corporate tax |
じゅうみんぜい |
住民税 |
jūminzei |
Resident tax |
しょとくぜい |
所得税 |
shotokuzei |
Income tax |
げんせんちょうしゅう |
源泉徴収 |
gensen chōshū |
Tax withholding |
かぜい |
課税 |
kazei |
Taxation |
むぜい |
無税 |
muzei |
Tax-free |
かぜいひん |
課税品 |
kazeihin |
Taxable goods |
かぜいきじゅん |
課税基準 |
kazei kijun |
Tax base |
ぜいかん |
税関 |
zeikan |
Customs |
ぜいしゅう |
税収 |
zeishū |
Tax revenue |
ぜいほう |
税法 |
zei hō |
Tax law |
ぜいむしょ |
税務署 |
zeimu-sho |
Tax office |
ぜいむちょう |
税務調 |
zeimu-chō |
Tax investigation |
ぜいむかん |
税務官 |
zeimu-kan |
Tax officer |
ぜいこうかく |
税効果 |
zei kōka |
Tax effect |
かんさ |
監査 |
kansa |
Audit |
かんさほうこくしょ |
監査報告書 |
kansa hōkokusho |
Audit report |
かんさいん |
監査員 |
kansa-in |
Auditor |
ないぶかんさ |
内部監査 |
naibu kansa |
Internal audit |
がいぶかんさ |
外部監査 |
gaibu kansa |
External audit |
かんさひょうじゅん |
監査標準 |
kansa hyōjun |
Auditing standards |
Costs & Revenue
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
げんか |
原価 |
genka |
Cost |
げんかしょうきゃく |
原価消却 |
genka shōkyaku |
Depreciation |
ひよう |
費用 |
hiyō |
Expense |
りえき |
利益 |
rieki |
Profit |
そんしつ |
損失 |
sonshitsu |
Loss |
じゅうにゅう |
収入 |
shūnyū |
Income |
ししゅつ |
支出 |
shishutsu |
Expenditure |
えいぎょうしゅうえき |
営業収益 |
eigyō shūeki |
Operating revenue |
えいぎょうひよう |
営業費用 |
eigyō hiyō |
Operating expenses |
そんえきぶんき |
損益分岐 |
son’eki bunki |
Break-even point |
げんかけいさん |
原価計算 |
genka keisan |
Cost accounting |
げんかりつ |
原価率 |
genka ritsu |
Cost ratio |
そんえきぶんきてん |
損益分岐点 |
son’eki bunkiten |
Break-even point (detailed) |
へんどうひ |
変動費 |
hendōhi |
Variable cost |
こていひ |
固定費 |
koteihi |
Fixed cost |
はんばいそんえき |
販売損益 |
hanbai son’eki |
Sales profit/loss |
しゅうにゅうげん |
収入源 |
shūnyūgen |
Source of income |
げんかこうじょう |
原価工場 |
genka kōjō |
Factory cost |
しゅうえきもくろく |
収益目録 |
shūeki mokuroku |
Revenue schedule |
りえきりつ |
利益率 |
rieki ritsu |
Profit margin |
Banking & Investment
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
ぎんこう |
銀行 |
ginkō |
Bank |
こうざ |
口座 |
kōza |
Bank account |
ふりこみ |
振込 |
furikomi |
Bank transfer |
よきんこうざ |
預金口座 |
yokin kōza |
Deposit account |
しはらいちょう |
支払帳 |
shiharai chō |
Payment ledger |
しはらいでんぴょう |
支払伝票 |
shiharai denpyō |
Payment voucher |
とうしか |
投資家 |
tōshika |
Investor |
とうししんたく |
投資信託 |
tōshi shintaku |
Investment trust |
かぶしき |
株式 |
kabushiki |
Stock/share |
かぶぬし |
株主 |
kabunushi |
Shareholder |
かぶぬしかい |
株主会 |
kabunushi kai |
Shareholders’ meeting |
はぶん |
配分 |
haibun |
Distribution |
はいとう |
配当 |
haitō |
Dividend |
しじょう |
市場 |
shijō |
Market |
しじょうかち |
市場価値 |
shijō kachi |
Market value |
きんゆうしじょう |
金融市場 |
kin’yū shijō |
Financial market |
こくさい |
国債 |
kokusai |
Government bond |
しゃさい |
社債 |
shasai |
Corporate bond |
ゆし |
融資 |
yūshi |
Loan/financing |
しんよう |
信用 |
shinyō |
Credit/trust |
しんようりょうど |
信用領土 |
shinyō ryōdo |
Credit limit |
りし |
利子 |
rishi |
Interest |
りそく |
利息 |
risoku |
Interest rate |
りまわり |
利回り |
rimawari |
Yield (investment return) |
ふさいしょうけん |
負債証券 |
fusai shōken |
Debt securities |
Business & Management
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
けいえい |
経営 |
keiei |
Management |
けいえいしゃ |
経営者 |
keieisha |
Manager/executive |
けいえいほうしん |
経営方針 |
keiei hōshin |
Management policy |
けいえいけっか |
経営結果 |
keiei kekka |
Management results |
けいえいけんり |
経営権利 |
keiei kenri |
Management rights |
けいえいりえき |
経営利益 |
keiei rieki |
Operating profit |
ぎょうせき |
業績 |
gyōseki |
Business performance |
じぎょうけいかく |
事業計画 |
jigyō keikaku |
Business plan |
じぎょうほうこく |
事業報告 |
jigyō hōkoku |
Business report |
じぎょうしゅうえき |
事業収益 |
jigyō shūeki |
Business revenue |
じぎょうそんえき |
事業損益 |
jigyō son’eki |
Business profit/loss |
うんえい |
運営 |
un’ei |
Operation |
しほんけいえい |
資本経営 |
shihon keiei |
Capital management |
ほうじん |
法人 |
hōjin |
Corporation/legal entity |
かぶしきがいしゃ |
株式会社 |
kabushiki gaisha |
Joint-stock company |
ゆうげんがいしゃ |
有限会社 |
yūgen gaisha |
Limited company |
ごうどうがいしゃ |
合同会社 |
gōdō gaisha |
LLC |
しゅっしん |
出資 |
shusshi |
Investment/contribution |
けいえいしげん |
経営資源 |
keiei shigen |
Management resources |
けいえいひょうじゅん |
経営標準 |
keiei hyōjun |
Management standards |
Accounting Processes
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
かいけいしょり |
会計処理 |
kaikei shori |
Accounting process |
ぶんき |
分記 |
bunki |
Split entry |
しかりいれ |
仕借入れ |
shikari ire |
Debit entry |
しかりかえし |
仕借返し |
shikari kaeshi |
Credit entry |
でんぴょう |
伝票 |
denpyō |
Voucher/slip |
ぶんきでんぴょう |
分記伝票 |
bunki denpyō |
Journal voucher |
かんじょう |
勘定 |
kanjō |
Account |
かんじょうかもく |
勘定科目 |
kanjō kamoku |
Account title |
しかんじょう |
仕勘定 |
shikanjō |
Ledger account |
そうかんじょう |
総勘定 |
sōkanjō |
General ledger |
そうかんじょうもとちょう |
総勘定元帳 |
sōkanjō motochō |
General ledger book |
ひょうじゅんかんじょう |
標準勘定 |
hyōjun kanjō |
Standard account |
しわけ |
仕訳 |
shiwake |
Journal entry |
しわけちょう |
仕訳帳 |
shiwake chō |
Journal book |
そくさい |
即済 |
sokusai |
Settlement |
せいさん |
精算 |
seisan |
Adjustment/settlement |
かいけいかんり |
会計管理 |
kaikei kanri |
Accounting management |
しはらいきん |
支払金 |
shiharai kin |
Payment |
うけとりきん |
受取金 |
uketori kin |
Receipts |
きんゆうとりひき |
金融取引 |
kin’yū torihiki |
Financial transaction |
Ratios & Indicators
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
りえきりつ |
利益率 |
rieki ritsu |
Profit margin |
げんかりつ |
原価率 |
genka ritsu |
Cost ratio |
しさんりつ |
資産率 |
shisan ritsu |
Asset ratio |
ふさいりつ |
負債率 |
fusai ritsu |
Debt ratio |
りえきしじょうりつ |
利益市場率 |
rieki shijō ritsu |
Return on sales (ROS) |
しほんたいしょうりつ |
資本対照率 |
shihon taishō ritsu |
Equity ratio |
じゅんしほんりえきりつ |
純資本利益率 |
jun shihon rieki ritsu |
ROE (Return on Equity) |
そうしさんりえきりつ |
総資産利益率 |
sō shisan rieki ritsu |
ROA (Return on Assets) |
しさんかいてんりつ |
資産回転率 |
shisan kaiten ritsu |
Asset turnover ratio |
ざいむしひょう |
財務指標 |
zaimu shihyō |
Financial indicators |
けいえいしひょう |
経営指標 |
keiei shihyō |
Management indicators |
せいさんせいしひょう |
生産性指標 |
seisansei shihyō |
Productivity index |
じゅんしほんしょうひりつ |
純資本消費率 |
jun shihon shōhi ritsu |
Capital consumption ratio |
せいちょうりつ |
成長率 |
seichō ritsu |
Growth rate |
じゅんそんえき |
純損益 |
jun son’eki |
Net income/loss |
かんぺきりつ |
完璧率 |
kanpeki ritsu |
Accuracy ratio |
しょとくりつ |
所得率 |
shotoku ritsu |
Income ratio |
ぜいきんりつ |
税金率 |
zeikin ritsu |
Tax rate |
りそくりつ |
利息率 |
risoku ritsu |
Interest rate |
ぶんかつりつ |
分割率 |
bunkatsu ritsu |
Distribution ratio |
Documents & Records
Kana |
Kanji |
Romaji |
Meaning |
ちょうぼ |
帳簿 |
chōbo |
Ledger |
げんきんちょう |
現金帳 |
genkin chō |
Cashbook |
よきんちょう |
預金帳 |
yokin chō |
Bankbook |
しはらいちょう |
支払帳 |
shiharai chō |
Payment ledger |
うけとりちょう |
受取帳 |
uketori chō |
Receipt ledger |
げんきんでんぴょう |
現金伝票 |
genkin denpyō |
Cash voucher |
うけとりでんぴょう |
受取伝票 |
uketori denpyō |
Receipt voucher |
しはらいでんぴょう |
支払伝票 |
shiharai denpyō |
Payment voucher |
とうしょ |
登記簿 |
tōkibo |
Register (legal record) |
けいえいしょるい |
経営書類 |
keiei shorui |
Business documents |
ざいむしょるい |
財務書類 |
zaimu shorui |
Financial documents |
けいやくしょ |
契約書 |
keiyakusho |
Contract |
りょうしゅうしょ |
領収書 |
ryōshūsho |
Receipt |
しはらいしょうめい |
支払証明 |
shiharai shōmei |
Payment certificate |
しょうひんしょ |
商品書 |
shōhinsho |
Merchandise document |
かいけいぶんせきしょ |
会計分析書 |
kaikei bunsekisho |
Accounting analysis report |
せいさんしょ |
精算書 |
seisansho |
Settlement statement |
かんさしょ |
監査書 |
kansasho |
Audit document |
しはらいしょ |
支払書 |
shiharaisho |
Payment statement |
さいむしょ |
債務書 |
saimushō |
Debt document |
Building your knowledge of Japanese accounting vocabulary is like unlocking a new language for business success. With these 200+ terms at your fingertips, you’ll not only understand financial documents and discussions but also gain the confidence to navigate Japan’s professional world more smoothly.
=> Visit the Mizii website or download the Mizii app from the App Store or Google Play today and start learn Japanese accounting vocabulary!
>> Read more:
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